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不鏽鋼表麵處理常見問題分析及預(yù)防

日期:2025-04-11 04:16
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼表麵處理常見問題分析及預(yù)防</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">一、不鏽鋼表麵處理及產(chǎn)品加工過程中常見問題:</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、焊縫缺陷:焊縫缺陷較嚴(yán)重,采用手工機(jī)械打磨處理方法來彌補(bǔ),產(chǎn)生的打磨痕跡,造成表麵不均勻,影響美觀。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、表麵不一致:隻對(duì)焊縫進(jìn)行酸洗鈍化,也造成表麵不均勻,影響美觀。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、劃痕難除去:整體酸洗鈍化,也不能將加工過程中產(chǎn)生的各種劃痕去掉,並且也不能去除由於劃傷、焊接飛濺而粘附在不鏽鋼表麵的碳鋼、飛濺等雜質(zhì),導(dǎo)致在腐蝕介質(zhì)存在的條件下發(fā)生化學(xué)腐蝕或電化學(xué)腐蝕而生鏽。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、打磨拋光鈍化不均勻:手工打磨拋光後進(jìn)行酸洗鈍化處理,對(duì)麵積較大的工件,很難達(dá)到均勻一致處理效果,不能得理想的均勻表麵。並且工時(shí)費(fèi)用,輔料費(fèi)用也較高。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、酸洗能力有限:酸洗鈍化膏並不是萬能的,對(duì)等離子切割、火焰切割而產(chǎn)和黑色氧化皮,較難除去。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴(yán)重:在吊裝、運(yùn)輸和結(jié)構(gòu)加工過程中,磕碰、拖拉、錘擊等人為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴(yán)重,使得表麵處理難度加大,而且也是處理後產(chǎn)生鏽蝕的主要原因。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 7</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、設(shè)備因素:在型材、板材卷彎、折彎過程中,造成的劃傷和折痕也是處理後產(chǎn)生鏽蝕的主要原因。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 8</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、其他因素:不鏽鋼原材料在采購、儲(chǔ)存過程中,由於吊裝、運(yùn)輸過程產(chǎn)生的磕碰和劃傷也比較嚴(yán)重,也是產(chǎn)生鏽蝕的原因之一。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">二、預(yù)防措施:</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、儲(chǔ)存、吊裝、運(yùn)輸</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 1)</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不鏽鋼件儲(chǔ)存</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">應(yīng)有專用存放架,存放架應(yīng)為木質(zhì)或表麵噴漆的碳鋼支架或墊以橡膠墊,以與碳鋼等其它金屬材質(zhì)隔離。存放時(shí),儲(chǔ)存位置應(yīng)便於吊運(yùn),與其它材料存放區(qū)相對(duì)隔離,應(yīng)有防護(hù)措施,以避免灰塵、油汙、鐵鏽對(duì)不鏽鋼的汙染。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 2)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼件吊裝:吊裝時(shí),應(yīng)采用專用吊具,如吊裝帶、專用夾頭等,嚴(yán)禁使用鋼絲繩以免劃傷表麵;並且在起吊和放置時(shí),應(yīng)避免衝擊磕碰造成劃傷。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 3)</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不鏽鋼件運(yùn)輸:運(yùn)輸時(shí),應(yīng)用運(yùn)輸工具</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">如小車、電瓶車等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,並應(yīng)潔淨(jìng)有隔離防護(hù)措施,以防灰塵、油汙、鐵鏽汙染不鏽鋼。嚴(yán)禁拖拉,避免磕碰、劃傷。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、加工</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 1)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">加工區(qū):不鏽鋼件的加工區(qū)域應(yīng)相對(duì)固定。不鏽鋼件加工區(qū)的平臺(tái)應(yīng)采取隔離措施,如鋪上橡膠墊等。不鏽鋼件加工區(qū)的定置管理、文明生產(chǎn)應(yīng)加強(qiáng),以避免對(duì)不鏽鋼件的損傷與汙染。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 2)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">下料:不鏽鋼件的下料采用剪切或等離子切割、鋸切等。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">⑴剪切:剪切時(shí),應(yīng)與送進(jìn)支架隔離,落料鬥也應(yīng)鋪以橡膠墊,避免劃傷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">⑵等離子切割:等離子切割後,割渣應(yīng)清理乾淨(jìng)。批量切割時(shí),對(duì)於已完成的零件應(yīng)及時(shí)清理出現(xiàn)場(chǎng),以避免割渣對(duì)工件的玷汙。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">⑶鋸切下料:鋸切下料時(shí),夾緊應(yīng)加以膠皮保護(hù),鋸切後應(yīng)清理工件上的油汙、殘?jiān)取?lt;/span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 3)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">機(jī)械加工:不鏽鋼件在車、銑等機(jī)械加工時(shí)也應(yīng)注意防護(hù),作業(yè)完成應(yīng)清理乾淨(jìng)工件表麵的油汙、鐵屑等雜物。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 4)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">成型加工:在卷板、折彎過程中,應(yīng)采取有效措施避免造成不鏽鋼件表麵劃傷和折痕。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 5)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">鉚焊:不鏽鋼件在組對(duì)時(shí),應(yīng)避免強(qiáng)製組裝,尤其避免火焰烤校裝配。組對(duì)或製作過程如有臨時(shí)采用等離子切割時(shí),應(yīng)采取隔離措施以避免割渣對(duì)其它不鏽鋼件的汙染。切割後,工件上的割渣應(yīng)清理乾淨(jìng)。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 6)</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊接:不鏽鋼件焊接前必須認(rèn)真**油汙、鏽跡、灰塵等雜物。焊接時(shí)儘量采用氬弧焊接,采用手工電弧焊時(shí)應(yīng)采用小電流、快速焊,避免擺動(dòng)。嚴(yán)禁在非焊接區(qū)域引弧,地線位置適當(dāng)、連接牢固,以避免電弧擦傷。焊接時(shí)應(yīng)采取防飛濺措施</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">如刷白灰等方法</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。焊後應(yīng)用不鏽鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不得采用碳鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">扁鏟徹底清理熔渣和飛濺。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 7)</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多層焊:多層焊時(shí),層間熔渣必須**乾淨(jìng)。多層焊時(shí),應(yīng)控製層間溫度,一般不得超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">60</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 8)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">焊縫:焊縫接頭應(yīng)修磨,焊縫表麵不得有熔渣、氣孔、咬邊、飛濺、裂紋、未熔合、未焊透等缺陷,焊縫與母材應(yīng)圓滑過渡,不得低於母材。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 9)</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">矯形:不鏽鋼件的矯形,應(yīng)避免采用火焰加熱方法,尤其不允許反複加熱同一區(qū)域。矯形時(shí),儘量采用機(jī)械裝置,或用木錘</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">橡皮錘</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或墊橡皮墊錘擊,禁止用鐵錘錘擊,以避免損傷不鏽鋼件。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 10)</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">搬運(yùn):不鏽鋼件在加工過程中進(jìn)行搬運(yùn)時(shí),應(yīng)用運(yùn)輸工具</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">如小車、電瓶車或天車等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,並應(yīng)潔淨(jìng)有隔離防護(hù)措施,以防灰塵、油汙、鐵鏽汙染不鏽鋼。嚴(yán)禁在平臺(tái)或地麵直接拖拉,嚴(yán)禁磕碰和劃傷。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">、表麵處理</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 1)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">清理打磨:如有損傷應(yīng)打磨,尤其與碳鋼件接觸造成的劃傷和飛濺、割渣造成的損傷必須認(rèn)真徹底地清理打磨乾淨(jìng)。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 2)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">機(jī)械拋光:要采用適當(dāng)?shù)膾伖夤ぞ哌M(jìn)行拋光,要求處理均勻一致,並避免過拋和再劃傷。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 3)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">除油除塵:不鏽鋼件在進(jìn)行酸洗鈍化前,必須按工藝**油汙、氧化皮、灰塵等雜物。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 4)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">水噴砂處理:要根據(jù)不同的處理要求,選用不同的微玻璃珠、不同的工藝參數(shù),並避免過噴等。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 5)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">酸洗鈍化:不鏽鋼件的酸洗鈍化必須嚴(yán)格按工藝要求進(jìn)行鈍化。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 6)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">清洗乾燥:酸洗鈍化後,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按工藝進(jìn)行中和、衝洗、乾燥,徹底**殘留的酸液。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 7)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">保護(hù):不鏽鋼件表麵處理完畢後,應(yīng)做好防護(hù),避免人員撫摸和油汙、灰塵等雜物的二次汙染。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br /> <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> 8)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">避免再加工:不鏽鋼件表麵處理完畢後,應(yīng)避免對(duì)該零部件或產(chǎn)品的再加工。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>

不鏽鋼表麵處理常見問題分析及預(yù)防

一、不鏽鋼表麵處理及產(chǎn)品加工過程中常見問題:
1
、焊縫缺陷:焊縫缺陷較嚴(yán)重,采用手工機(jī)械打磨處理方法來彌補(bǔ),產(chǎn)生的打磨痕跡,造成表麵不均勻,影響美觀。
2
、表麵不一致:隻對(duì)焊縫進(jìn)行酸洗鈍化,也造成表麵不均勻,影響美觀。
3
、劃痕難除去:整體酸洗鈍化,也不能將加工過程中產(chǎn)生的各種劃痕去掉,並且也不能去除由於劃傷、焊接飛濺而粘附在不鏽鋼表麵的碳鋼、飛濺等雜質(zhì),導(dǎo)致在腐蝕介質(zhì)存在的條件下發(fā)生化學(xué)腐蝕或電化學(xué)腐蝕而生鏽。
4
、打磨拋光鈍化不均勻:手工打磨拋光後進(jìn)行酸洗鈍化處理,對(duì)麵積較大的工件,很難達(dá)到均勻一致處理效果,不能得理想的均勻表麵。並且工時(shí)費(fèi)用,輔料費(fèi)用也較高。
5
、酸洗能力有限:酸洗鈍化膏並不是萬能的,對(duì)等離子切割、火焰切割而產(chǎn)和黑色氧化皮,較難除去。
6
、為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴(yán)重:在吊裝、運(yùn)輸和結(jié)構(gòu)加工過程中,磕碰、拖拉、錘擊等人為因素造成的劃傷比較嚴(yán)重,使得表麵處理難度加大,而且也是處理後產(chǎn)生鏽蝕的主要原因。
7
、設(shè)備因素:在型材、板材卷彎、折彎過程中,造成的劃傷和折痕也是處理後產(chǎn)生鏽蝕的主要原因。
8
、其他因素:不鏽鋼原材料在采購、儲(chǔ)存過程中,由於吊裝、運(yùn)輸過程產(chǎn)生的磕碰和劃傷也比較嚴(yán)重,也是產(chǎn)生鏽蝕的原因之一。

二、預(yù)防措施:
1
、儲(chǔ)存、吊裝、運(yùn)輸
1)
不鏽鋼件儲(chǔ)存:應(yīng)有專用存放架,存放架應(yīng)為木質(zhì)或表麵噴漆的碳鋼支架或墊以橡膠墊,以與碳鋼等其它金屬材質(zhì)隔離。存放時(shí),儲(chǔ)存位置應(yīng)便於吊運(yùn),與其它材料存放區(qū)相對(duì)隔離,應(yīng)有防護(hù)措施,以避免灰塵、油汙、鐵鏽對(duì)不鏽鋼的汙染。
2)
不鏽鋼件吊裝:吊裝時(shí),應(yīng)采用專用吊具,如吊裝帶、專用夾頭等,嚴(yán)禁使用鋼絲繩以免劃傷表麵;並且在起吊和放置時(shí),應(yīng)避免衝擊磕碰造成劃傷。
3)
不鏽鋼件運(yùn)輸:運(yùn)輸時(shí),應(yīng)用運(yùn)輸工具(如小車、電瓶車等),並應(yīng)潔淨(jìng)有隔離防護(hù)措施,以防灰塵、油汙、鐵鏽汙染不鏽鋼。嚴(yán)禁拖拉,避免磕碰、劃傷。
2
、加工
1)
加工區(qū):不鏽鋼件的加工區(qū)域應(yīng)相對(duì)固定。不鏽鋼件加工區(qū)的平臺(tái)應(yīng)采取隔離措施,如鋪上橡膠墊等。不鏽鋼件加工區(qū)的定置管理、文明生產(chǎn)應(yīng)加強(qiáng),以避免對(duì)不鏽鋼件的損傷與汙染。
2)
下料:不鏽鋼件的下料采用剪切或等離子切割、鋸切等。

⑴剪切:剪切時(shí),應(yīng)與送進(jìn)支架隔離,落料鬥也應(yīng)鋪以橡膠墊,避免劃傷。

⑵等離子切割:等離子切割後,割渣應(yīng)清理乾淨(jìng)。批量切割時(shí),對(duì)於已完成的零件應(yīng)及時(shí)清理出現(xiàn)場(chǎng),以避免割渣對(duì)工件的玷汙。

⑶鋸切下料:鋸切下料時(shí),夾緊應(yīng)加以膠皮保護(hù),鋸切後應(yīng)清理工件上的油汙、殘?jiān)取?/span>
3)
機(jī)械加工:不鏽鋼件在車、銑等機(jī)械加工時(shí)也應(yīng)注意防護(hù),作業(yè)完成應(yīng)清理乾淨(jìng)工件表麵的油汙、鐵屑等雜物。
4)
成型加工:在卷板、折彎過程中,應(yīng)采取有效措施避免造成不鏽鋼件表麵劃傷和折痕。
5)
鉚焊:不鏽鋼件在組對(duì)時(shí),應(yīng)避免強(qiáng)製組裝,尤其避免火焰烤校裝配。組對(duì)或製作過程如有臨時(shí)采用等離子切割時(shí),應(yīng)采取隔離措施以避免割渣對(duì)其它不鏽鋼件的汙染。切割後,工件上的割渣應(yīng)清理乾淨(jìng)。
6)
焊接:不鏽鋼件焊接前必須認(rèn)真**油汙、鏽跡、灰塵等雜物。焊接時(shí)儘量采用氬弧焊接,采用手工電弧焊時(shí)應(yīng)采用小電流、快速焊,避免擺動(dòng)。嚴(yán)禁在非焊接區(qū)域引弧,地線位置適當(dāng)、連接牢固,以避免電弧擦傷。焊接時(shí)應(yīng)采取防飛濺措施(如刷白灰等方法)。焊後應(yīng)用不鏽鋼(不得采用碳鋼)扁鏟徹底清理熔渣和飛濺。
7)
多層焊:多層焊時(shí),層間熔渣必須**乾淨(jìng)。多層焊時(shí),應(yīng)控製層間溫度,一般不得超過60℃。
8)
焊縫:焊縫接頭應(yīng)修磨,焊縫表麵不得有熔渣、氣孔、咬邊、飛濺、裂紋、未熔合、未焊透等缺陷,焊縫與母材應(yīng)圓滑過渡,不得低於母材。
9)
矯形:不鏽鋼件的矯形,應(yīng)避免采用火焰加熱方法,尤其不允許反複加熱同一區(qū)域。矯形時(shí),儘量采用機(jī)械裝置,或用木錘(橡皮錘)或墊橡皮墊錘擊,禁止用鐵錘錘擊,以避免損傷不鏽鋼件。
10)
搬運(yùn):不鏽鋼件在加工過程中進(jìn)行搬運(yùn)時(shí),應(yīng)用運(yùn)輸工具(如小車、電瓶車或天車等),並應(yīng)潔淨(jìng)有隔離防護(hù)措施,以防灰塵、油汙、鐵鏽汙染不鏽鋼。嚴(yán)禁在平臺(tái)或地麵直接拖拉,嚴(yán)禁磕碰和劃傷。
3
、表麵處理
1)
清理打磨:如有損傷應(yīng)打磨,尤其與碳鋼件接觸造成的劃傷和飛濺、割渣造成的損傷必須認(rèn)真徹底地清理打磨乾淨(jìng)。
2)
機(jī)械拋光:要采用適當(dāng)?shù)膾伖夤ぞ哌M(jìn)行拋光,要求處理均勻一致,並避免過拋和再劃傷。
3)
除油除塵:不鏽鋼件在進(jìn)行酸洗鈍化前,必須按工藝**油汙、氧化皮、灰塵等雜物。
4)
水噴砂處理:要根據(jù)不同的處理要求,選用不同的微玻璃珠、不同的工藝參數(shù),並避免過噴等。
5)
酸洗鈍化:不鏽鋼件的酸洗鈍化必須嚴(yán)格按工藝要求進(jìn)行鈍化。
6)
清洗乾燥:酸洗鈍化後,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按工藝進(jìn)行中和、衝洗、乾燥,徹底**殘留的酸液。
7)
保護(hù):不鏽鋼件表麵處理完畢後,應(yīng)做好防護(hù),避免人員撫摸和油汙、灰塵等雜物的二次汙染。
8)
避免再加工:不鏽鋼件表麵處理完畢後,應(yīng)避免對(duì)該零部件或產(chǎn)品的再加工。

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